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Genetics
contributes to the over-signification of the body, a body which
malleability in our society becomes a cliché. As David Lebreton
explains : "the body is not only, in our contemporary societies,
the assignation to an intangible identity, the irreductible incarnation
of the subject, its being to the world, but a construction, an autharity
of connection, a , a transitory and manipulated object, capable
of many (appariements)" (1).
The
(unesco), in its universal declaration on the human (genome) (2)
warns the USA that if : "... the researches on the human (genome)
and their applications opens great perspectives of improvement for
the individual health but also for the entire humanity, ... they
must, at the same time, fully respect the dignity, the liberty and
the human rights, without forgetting the interdiction of any form
of discrimination based on genetic characteritics". The twenty five
articles that constitute this declaration define the frame in which
should develop this ethical reflexion and the actions connected
with scientific and technical progresses in the domain of biology
and of genetics.
This
declaretion reasserts that their using must respect the human rights
and his fondamental liberties. The existence of this declaration,
even if it proves that different States have already taken a responsible
position in front of these questions, is obviously not enough to
forewarn humanity of the possible consequences of our unforeseeable
use of these sciences. For sure this declaration will not be applied
because it never happens at a planetary level. Moreover, the moral
consciousness and the collective values of group of men at a precise
period, are less induced by the official texts than by the immediat
profit, the reality of their environment (cultural, social, historical,
geographical).
It
is about high time to create an art for living this technological
revolution. Time to imagine in full details all the possibilities
to live our future post-human body, by anticipating it (at maximum)
and by imagining the unthinkable.Anticipating future situations
through fictions, experiencing new tools in order to communicate
on the issues of these sciences to the largest number ,would contribute
to prevent these scientific "progresses"from escaping our control
and from anarchically disrupting our relation to our body and that
of the others.
It
id a context in which art can play an important role : to be a critical
and suspicious observer who proposes meaningless utopias to his
contemporaries. Stephane Baron has a good definition of this quality
of art when he says : "...Art conceptualise and expresses the utopias,
and paradoxically, art is also a place for resistance..." (3).
Finding
an alternative to the increase of the distance between our body
and ourself, would help us to apprehend with serenity and a responsible
attitude the changes that are to come. At the level of the individual,
our apprehension or disinterest in these mutant questions maybe
due to a lack of mastering and analysis of these matters of body
modifications. To overpass them, we have to imagine and expierence
ways of living the different and potential consequences of the our
new powers over life. Making people individually feel responsible
for these questions would be a first step in the imagining of a
new art of living our future mutations, our choices and post-biological
constraints. We have already established the dangerous et morbid
nature of eugenics which, under the name of science, holds up to
ridicule the fondamental right of the individuals to (make use of)
their bodies. What's the difference with "auto-eugenics" ?
Wonderings
: What are we going to do ? When, how and to what extent are we
able to mutate ? The aims ? are at the origin of this notion. Auto-eugenics
represents our individual viewpoint and the expression of the limits
to impose to our soon coming genetic choices, everyone on his own
body.
Now
we must ask ourselve several questions highlighted by this term
because the revolution of life is nearly coming and has already
happened. What is the distance that still prevents us from the "Self-genetics
Home-lab" and its lovely user instructions : "How to enjoy your
mutations in daily life" or "The good mutations for your child"
? (4) In his "Letter on the blinds to those who see", Diderot supposes
the influence of our senses over our morality. In the world of the
Neuromancier by W. Gibson, one can modify his senses and his physical
abilities just thanks to a blue card. If we transpose the hypothesis
of Diderot in the world of the Neuromancier, we can ask if this
power on our body could be a power on our morality. Would our personal
ethics be more evolutive, thus radically transforming our relation
to ourselve and to the others ?
It
is the case for example in "the Hollow Man" by Paul Verhoeven, the
faculty of being invisible destructs in the human (cobaye ) his
respect for the body of the others, and even committs to murdering
and raping. This destruction of the bodies of the others that surround
him is provoked by the traumatism that he suffers because he has
lost his own body. By losing the representation of our self, we
are also losing the references that constitute our universe, our
(interface) with the"non self". In "the Invisible Man" by Carpenter,
the difficulties encountered by the hero whose body has been altered,
can be obviously noticed when he cannot find his mouth to feed himself.
If
our body could play a role in the construction of our moralty, then,
in a future, in which we could have the opportunity of transforming
our perceptions, just as Gibson anticipates it, " Kits of Bio configuration"
might exist.
That
of a phlosopher could be made of :
- booster of wit
- memery booster
- plug-in 30 different languages
- plug-in for comprehension & simultaneous data storage
- wonderful socio-geo-ethno data base
That of a murederer :
- plug-in nocturn and running vision
- plug-in silent move
- speed
booster : agility / flexibility
- plug-in martial arts
- sevral weapon-implants
Then,
depending on the daily mood, philosophical or murdering, after the
shower we would just have to plug the right kit. The body is a common
and federating place. Its characteristics gathers or separates groups
of individuals through means of needs, limits and of common or different
intersts. The nature of our body and the way we manage it are very
signicant in our social behaviour. How these behaviours would evoluate
if there were more and more different bio-plugged bodies with heterogeneous
attributes and abilities. The risks we are taking are proportionnal
to our potential actions. The rise of those we practice on our body,
can confront us with miracles but also horrors. We must prepare
ourselve to apprehend from an ethical and ecological viewpoint the
revolution started by bio-sciences. If the individual sensibilisation
to these questions is a first step, then art may be a way to reach
it.
(1)
David Lebreton is an anthropologist, Professor at the University
Marc Bloch, Strasbourg II. This text is taken from the introduction
written for the catalogue of the exhibition "Le corps mutant" organised
in 2991 by the Enrico Navarra Galery.
(2) The General Conference of (unesco), during its 27 th session,
on the eleventh of november 1997, has ratified, unanimously and
by acclamation, the Universal Declaration on the (genom) and the
rights of the human person. It has been completed with the resolution
29 C/17 dealing with its application. http://www.unesco.org/ibc/fr/genome/
(3) Stéphane Baron is an artist and teaches in Montpellier. "Technoromantisme"
is to be published at the editions DISVOIR
(4) To be published at Chez postscripthomme ( Editeur Officiel des
Bio-fraudes : Official Editor of the Bio-tricks)
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